Error / Violation Codes

Flake8 and its plugins assign a code to each message that we refer to as an error code (or violation). Most plugins will list their error codes in their documentation or README.

Flake8 installs pycodestyle, pyflakes, and mccabe by default and generates its own error codes for pyflakes:

Code Example Message
F401 module imported but unused
F402 import module from line N shadowed by loop variable
F403 ‘from module import *’ used; unable to detect undefined names
F404 future import(s) name after other statements
F405 name may be undefined, or defined from star imports: module
F406 ‘from module import *’ only allowed at module level
F407 an undefined __future__ feature name was imported
   
F501 invalid % format literal
F502 % format expected mapping but got sequence
F503 % format expected sequence but got mapping
F504 % format unused named arguments
F505 % format missing named arguments
F506 % format mixed positional and named arguments
F507 % format mismatch of placeholder and argument count
F508 % format with * specifier requires a sequence
F509 % format with unsupported format character
F521 .format(...) invalid format string
F522 .format(...) unused named arguments
F523 .format(...) unused positional arguments
F524 .format(...) missing argument
F525 .format(...) mixing automatic and manual numbering
F541 f-string without any placeholders
   
F601 dictionary key name repeated with different values
F602 dictionary key variable name repeated with different values
F621 too many expressions in an assignment with star-unpacking
F622 two or more starred expressions in an assignment (a, *b, *c = d)
F631 assertion test is a tuple, which is always True
F632 use ==/!= to compare str, bytes, and int literals
F633 use of >> is invalid with print function
F634 if test is a tuple, which is always True
   
F701 a break statement outside of a while or for loop
F702 a continue statement outside of a while or for loop
F703 a continue statement in a finally block in a loop
F704 a yield or yield from statement outside of a function
F705 a return statement with arguments inside a generator
F706 a return statement outside of a function/method
F707 an except: block as not the last exception handler
F721 syntax error in doctest
F722 syntax error in forward annotation
F723 syntax error in type comment
   
F811 redefinition of unused name from line N
F812 list comprehension redefines name from line N
F821 undefined name name
F822 undefined name name in __all__
F823 local variable name … referenced before assignment
F831 duplicate argument name in function definition
F841 local variable name is assigned to but never used
   
F901 raise NotImplemented should be raise NotImplementedError

Note that some of these entries behave differently on Python 2 and Python 3, for example F812 is specific to Python 2 only.

We also report one extra error: E999. We report E999 when we fail to compile a file into an Abstract Syntax Tree for the plugins that require it.

mccabe only ever reports one violation - C901 based on the complexity value provided by the user.

Users should also reference pycodestyle’s list of error codes.